Hydraulic motor.



P. T. GOPFIELD.

HYDRAULIG MOTOR.

APPLIGATION FILED JAN. 13, 1909.

962,623. Patented June 28,1910.

2 SHEETS-MEET 1.

P. T. GOII'IELD.

HYDRAULIC MOTOR.

APPLICATION FILED JAN.13, 1909. 962,68., vPaltexl'enl June .28, 1910.

2 SHEETS-SHEET Z.

ANDREW ev GRAHAM C0. now-LITHQGRAPHEHS. vI/AsmNG'mN` :LL:4

NETE@ STATES FATF@ @FFQE PETER T. COFFIELD, 0F DAYTON, OHIO.

HYDRAULIC MOTOR.

Application filed January 13, 1909.

T 0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, PETER T. CorFInLD, a citizen of the United States,residing at Dayton, in the county of Montgomery and State of Ohio, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Hydraulic Motors; and Ido declare t-he following to be a full, clear, and exact description ofthe invention, such as will enable Others skilled in the art to which itappertains to make and use the same, reference being had to theaccompanying drawings, and to the figures of reference marked thereon,which form a part of this specification.

This invention relates to improvements in hydraulic motors.

The object of the invention is to provide a motor of the above type,which, owing to its simplicity and efficiency, is adapted for a varietyof domestic uses, such for example, as a means for operating a washingmachine. ln order for a motor to be available for such purposes, itshould be of such a construction as will insure its continuous operationin unskilled hands with the possibility of parts needing` replacing orrepairs reduced to a minimum. One of the fundamental requisites of sucha motor, is that it shall be devoid of springs, and another requisite isthat it shall be positive in its operation and free from gears. ln otherwords, the motor must be springless and gearless in order to best meetthe requirements. These objects are accomplished by providing valveswhich are prevented from finding a balanced position in their shiftingmovements, the entirevalve mechanism being controlled by the live fluid,and the piston being mounted directly upon a shaft to which it is firmlyconnected, enables the dispensing with gearing as a means for connectingthe driven shaft with the machine to be driven.

ln the accompanying drawings, Figure 1, is a horizontal sectional viewon the line CZ CZ of Fig. 3. Fig. 2, is a sectional View of the valvemechanism corresponding to Fig. 1, the piston cylinder beingl brokenaway. Fig. 3, is a. vertical sectional view through the motor on theline ci a of Fig. 1. Fig. 4, is a sectional view on the line Z) ofFig. 1. Fig. 5, is a sectional view on the line c c of Fig. 1. Fig. 6,is an elevation of one of the exhaust valves removed from its support.-

Fig. 7, is a detail view of the main inlet Specification of LettersPatent.

Patented J une 28, 1910.

Serial No. 472,016.

valve, the exhaust valves being removed therefrom. Fig. 8, is a detailview of one of the bushings providing seats for the main inlet andexhaust valves.

ln a detail description of the invention, similar reference charactersindicate corresponding parts.

The piston cylinder 1 and the valve chest 11 are preferably made of asingle casting with the necessary ports 25 25 and 30 30 to be againreferred to. The ends of the valve chest are closed by heads 28. On theinterior of the piston cylinder there is a partition 3 extending fromthe inner circumference of said cylinder to the hollow shaft 7 whichsupports the oscillating piston 2. The hollow shaft 7 carrying thevoscillating piston 2 is provided with bearings in the opposite heads ofthe cylinder, and said hollow shaft receives and is rigidly connectedwith a power-transmitting shaft 8. The piston is provided with thenecessary packing 9, and the partition or wall 3 is also providedwiththe necessary packing 6, and said partition and the piston dividethe cylinder into two chambers 4 and 5, and in addition to thisfunction, the partition serves as an abutment which coperates with armsor stops 10 projecting from opposite sides of the piston, to limit theoscillating movement of said piston.

It will be noted that the valve mechanism is entirely removed from thepiston cylinder, it being'wholly confined within the chest 11. In thecentral portion of said chest an admission chamber 12 is arranged, intowhich t-he motive Huid initially enters vthrough the inlet 14 whichmaybe connected with a water faucet or any other means for supplying themotive Huid. On the sides of the admission chamber 12 are exhaustchambers 13 and 13 communicating with port 18 which leads to the outlet15. The admission chamber 12 and the exhaust chambers 13 and 13 areseparated by walls 16 which are parts of the casting, and bushings 17,the latter being connected with the walls by screw-threads or otherwise.The bushings 17 are important elements and perform several functions;they each have a series of ports 23 23 extending from a valve seatformed in the outer ends of said .bushings and communicating with theexhaust chambers 13 and 13, and the inner ends of said bushings providevalve seats for the main inlet valve. The seats formed in the outer endsof the bushings coperate with the exhaust valves. In the admissionchamber 12 and between the inner ends of the bushings 17 the main inletvalve 19 is placed, the same having oppositely-disposed tapered surfaceswhich alternately engage the seats. The valve 19 is provided withtubular extensions 20 with which it is connected by integral interveningportions 21. The tubular extensions 2O are separated from the valveproper` a suflicient distance to permit the live motive fluid to readilyand alternately pass into said tubular extensions. On the outer ends ofsaid tubular extensions are mounted the exhaust valves 22 and 22, andthe several functions of which will be described. These valves 22 and 22alternately control the ports 23 in the bushings as hereinbeforeindicated. 24 and 24 designate two chambers at the outsides of thebushings 17 and with which the piston cylinder communicates throughports 25 and 25. The chambers and ports thus referred to, alternatelybecome passage-ways for the in-going and out-going fluid. The exhaustvalves 22 and 22 are located in the chambers 24 and 24, and whileperforming the functions of exhaust valves, they also cooperate withplungers or valve actuators presently described, in trapping theincoming water at* one or the other side of the main inlet valve untilsaid valve has been completely shifted. The means for throwing the maininlet valve 19 in opposite directions, comprises two water-actuatedplungers or valve actuators 26 and 26 which are located in the ends ofthe valve chest and cooperate wth the bushings 17 in providing thechambers 24 and 24. These plungers are actuated in both of theirmovements by water pressure as will be more particularly described. Theoutward movements of said plungers are limited by lugs 27 which strikethe heads 28 of the valve chest. On the outer sides of said plungers andbetween them and the heads of the valve chest are arranged fluidchambers 29 and 29 which communicate with the interior of the pistoncylinder through the ports 30 and 30. On t-he inner sides of saidplungers there are tubular extensions 31 and 31 which perform auxiliaryvalves in conjunction with the exhaust valves 22 and 22 in trapping themotive fluid coming directly through the inlet valve and until saidinlet valve has been completely shifted. These extensions or auxiliaryvalves 31 and 31 insure a complete movement of the exhaust and inletvalves by maintaining said valves in an unbalanced position during thetime in which said valves are being shifted. When the piston reaches theend of its stroke for example, as shown in Fig. 1, the live fluid fromthe cylinder passes into theV port 30 and into the chamber 29, and theforce of said Huid moves the plunger 26 to the right. The valveextension 31 engages the exhaust valve 22 and moves the same to its seatand thereby closes the exhaust ports 23, at the same time, said plungermoves the main inlet valve to the opposite seat as shown in Fig. 2.

Referring further to Fig. 1, as the motor is shown in this view, thepiston has reached the end of a stroke as before stated, and theadmission valve 19 is in an initial position of a shifting movement ofthe valves. The piston having passed the port 30, the incoming waterpasses through said port in the rear of the plunger 29. It will beunderstood that the water pressure thus exerted against said plunger, isgreater than that exerted against the Valve 19 from the oppositedirection, and such excess of pressure moves said valve 19 and theexhaust valve 22 from their seats, and at the same time prevents themotive fluid from passing through the valve 19 until the exhaust valve22 reaches its seat in the end of the bushing 17, at which time, theunequal pressures on the valve 19 will complete its movement to itsopposite seat against the lesser pressure.

Referring to Fig. 2, the position of the main inlet valve 19 is that towhich it has been completely thrown after the live fluid shifts theplunger, and the piston 2 commences its return stroke from the positionshown in Fig. 1. When the valves are thrown to the positions shown inFig. 2, the port 25 becomes an exhaust port, and the port 25 anadmission port, and vice versa. Owing to the passage through one or theother of the tubular extensions 2O of the main valve 19 being closed byone or the other of the auxiliary valves 31 31 engaging one or the otherof the exhaust valves 22 22, the main valve 19 is unbalanced during itsentire movement; this is due to the fact, that all the pressure due tothe live -Huid is behind one or the other of the plungers 26 26. Afterthe valves have reached one of their positions, for example, that shownin Fig. 2, the major portion of the cylinder chamber becomes an exhaustchamber, therefore, the pressure of the motive fluid behind the plunger26 in the chamber 29 decreases and the live fluid is permitted to flowthrough the tubular extension 2O on that side of the main inlet valveand forces the plunger 26 back against the end of the valve chest,thereby opening. the auxiliary valve 31 and permitting the live fluid topass into the cylinder chamber 4, in front of the piston to drive saidpiston in the opposite direction.

The motive fluid first enters chamber 12 through the initial inlet14-Fig. 3, thence into one or the other of the tubular extensions 20through the main valve 19, thence into one or the other of the chambers24 24 by way of the auxiliary valves 31 or 31, l

and into one or the other of the cylinder chambers 4 or 5 through ports25 or 25. The live fluid thus admitted to the cylinder at one or theother end of the valves exerts pressure against the piston to move thesame in one or the other of its movements. In the meantime, the dead orexhaust fluid passes into one or the other of the chambers 24 24 fromthe cylinder. lOne or the other of the exhaust valves 22 22 being open,the dead fluid is permitted to pass into chamber 13 or 13', from whenceit passes into the -outlet 15 through the inter-communicatingpassage-way 18. The exhaust valves 22 22, when seated, are held in suchposition by the pressure of the live fluid in the respective chambers 2424', and vice versa, and thus the flow of the live and dead fluids isreversed. rIhe live fluid and the dead fluid have a free andunobstructed movement or flow to and from the chambers 4 and 5 duringthe entire movement of the piston back and forth. It will be observedthat the valves at no time of their shifting movements come into abalanced position, but at all times are subject to the action of themotive fluid. I am, therefore, enabled to dispense with any means suchas springs and the like, to perform any part of the Valve operation.

"While I have shown and described a mo tor with a piston moving on apivotal axis, I do not wish to be understood as limiting my valvemechanism and arrangement solely to such type of motor, because it isequally adaptable to a motor employing a piston which is movable on alongitudinal axis, as any one skilled in the art will readilyunderstand, and the essentials of my invention may thus be employed.

I wish to further state that while I have shown and described thebuttons or exhaust valves 22 22 loosely mounted on the tubularextensions of the main inlet valve, I do no-t wish to limit myself tothis particular manner of mounting said valve, although it is preferableto make them independent parts to facilitate the work of construction. Ialso prefer to have the stroke of the plungers 26 26 somewhat greaterthan the stroke of the valves in order to at all times insure theircomplete movement and to obviate the slightest possibility ofinoperativeness. -It will be borne in mind that the main object of theinvention is to combine elliciency and reliability of operation to suchan extent as to render the motor suitable for a broad range of domesticuse.

I claim:

1. In a hydraulic motor, a cylinder, a piston within said cylinder,puppet valves for admitting and exhausting the motive fluid to and fromthe cylinder, and means actuated wholly by the Water pressure to cause acomplete reversal of the valves at each end of the piston stroke.

2. In a hydraulic motor, a cylinder, a piston within the cylinder, inletand exhaust valves, plungers arranged to engage said valves, and portscooperating with the valves and plungers, the piston controlling theports leading to the plungers, the valves,

plungers and ports, being constructed and arranged to operate with aliquid, and the plungers imparting the entire movement to the valves.

3. In a hydraulic motor, a cylinder, a piston movable Within saidcylinder, an inlet valve having tubular extensions through which themotive fluid alternately flows to opposite sides of the piston, exhaustvalves, and means enabling said valves to receive their entire movementby fluid pressure.

4. In a hydraulic motor, a cylinder, a piston in said cylinder, valvescont-rolling the admission of the motive fluid to said piston, means foractuating said valves, and means whereby the flow of live fluid to therear of the piston is prevented until the valves have been entirelyshifted.

5. In a hydraulic motor, a cylinder, a piston, valves controlling saidpiston, plungers operating said valves, means on said plungers coactingwith said valves in controlling f.

the motive fluid while the plungers are completely shifting said valves,and ports to conduct the liye Huid to said plungers.

6. In a hydraulic motor, a cylinder, a piston, valves controlling saidpiston comprising an inlet valve having tubular extensions, plungersoperating said valves and themselves closing the ends of the tubularextensions and thereby acting as valves to control the motive fluidWhile said plungers are shifting the first mentioned valves, and portsto conduct live fluid to the plungers.

7. In a hydraulic motor, a cylinder, a piston within said cylinder, amain valve controlling the admission of motive luid to opposite sides ofthe piston, a plunger arranged at each end of said main valve, saidplungers being actuated by the pressure of the motive fluid tocompletely shift said main valve to one or the other of its seats, andmeans interposed between said plungers and said main valve to controlthe passage of the motive fluid to the piston until the main valve hasbeen completely shifted.

8. In a hydraulic motor, a cylinder, a piston in said cylinder, a mainvalve controlling the admission of motive fluid to opposite sides of thepiston, a plunger arranged at each end of said main valve and adapted tocompletely shift said main valve to its opposite seat through the waterpressure exerted upon said plungers, means interposed between the mainvalve and the plungers which controls the admission of the motive fluidfrom the main valve to the piston until said main valve has beencompletely shifted.

9. In a hydraulic motor, a cylinder, a piston therein, a main valveprimarily admitting the motive fluid which aotuates the piston, awater-actuated plunger on each side of said main valve which completelyshifts said main valve to admit the motive fluid on one or the otherside of the piston, an exhaust valve interposed between each of theplungers and the main valve and controlling the exhaust from the motorcylinder as well as the inlet to the motor cylinder from the main valveby cooperating with the plungers in excluding the admission of themotive fluid from the main valve to the motor cylinder until said mainvalve has been completely shifted by one or the other of the plungers.

10. In a hydraulic motor, a cylinder, a piston in said cylinder, a valvechest having ports communicating between chambers in the ends of thevalve chest and the opposite sides of the cylinder, and ports formingcommunication between intermediate chambers in the valve chest andopposite sides of the cylinder, plungers arranged in the ends of thevalve chestl and providing` the end and intermediate chambers, a mainvalve controlling the initial admission of the motive fluid, andauxiliary valves cooperating with the plungers and controlling theadmission of the motive fluid from the main valve to the intermediatechambers and thence to the cylinder, the plunger being actuated by themotive fluid admitted to the end chambers from the cylinder to shift themain valve from one seat to the other, and the auxiliary valvecooperating with said plungers in excluding the motive fluid from theintermediate chambers until the valve has been completely shifted, afterwhich the motive fluid passing through said valve act-uates the plungersand thus admits said motive fluid to the cylinder.

11. In a hydraulic motor, a cylinder, a piston, inlet and exhaustvalves, said inlet valve having tubular extensions, plungers adapted toreverse said valves, said plungers alternately acting as valves tocontrol the motive fluid while actuating said valves.

1Q. In a hydraulic motor, a cylinder, a piston therein, a main inletvalve, exhaust valves alternately cooperating and moving with said mainvalve, fluid-pressure actuated plungers adapted to unseat and completelyshift said valves to their operative positions thereby reversing thecourse of motive fluid to the piston and at the same time withholdingsaid fluid from the piston until the main inlet and exhaust valves havebeen completely shifted.

13. In a motor, a cylinder, a piston therein, a main inlet valve,Huid-actuated plungers l adapted to completely shift said valve and inthe meantime prevent the fluid entering said valve from passing into thecylinder until said valve has been completely shifted.

141. In a motor, a cylinder, a piston therein, a main inlet valveadmitting motive fluid to opposite sides of the piston, plungersalternately actuated in opposite directions by the motive fluid passingdirectly from said valve, and motive lluid passing directly from thecylinder at the end of each stroke of the piston, said plungers in oneof their movements, alternately actuating the main valve, and in theother of their movements admitting the motive lluid to the piston.

15. In a motor, a cylinder, a piston therein, a main reciprocable inletvalve, reciprocable fluid-pressure actuated plungers adapted tosimultaneously shift said main valve and trap the fluid enteringtherethrough in the movement of said plungers in one direction, and toadmit said trapped fluid to the piston in the movement of said plungersin the opposite direction thereby reversing the travel of the piston.

16. In a motor, a cylinder, a piston therein, a main inlet valve,exhaust valves movable with the main inlet valve, bushings supportingthe main inlet valve andproviding seats in its opposite ends for themain inlet valve and the exhaust valves, said bushings having exhaustports in the ends which provide seats for the exhaust valves, andfluid-pressure actuated plungers adapted to alternately engage theexhaust valves to seat the same and to completely shift the main inletvalve and to trap the motive fluid entering said valve until said valvehas been completely shifted, after which the pressure of the trappedwater returns said plungers to their outer positions.

17. In a motor, a cylinder, a piston therein, a main inlet valve,exhaust valves supported upon said main inlet valve, bushings supportingthe main inlet valve and providing seats for said valve and for theexhaust valves, said bushings having exhaust ports therein, andfluid-pressure actuated plungers having valve extensions adapted toalternately engage the exhaust valves when said plungers are alternatelyactuated in one direction, and to shift the main inlet valve and exhaustvalve and to trap the fluid entering the main inlet valve until thepressure of said fluid moves said plunger to its outer position.

18. In a motor, a cylinder, a piston therein, 'a valve chest the ends ofwhich communicate with opposite sides of the cylinder and intermediateportions of which communicate with intermediate parts of the cylinder, amain inlet valve, exhaust valves mounted upon said main inlet valve andmovable therewith, bushings supporting the main inlet valve andproviding seats for said main inlet valve and for the exhaust valves,said bushings providing exhaust chambers with ports leading thereto, andfluid-pressure actuated plungers having extensions adapted to engage theouter sides of the exhaust valves to move said valves and the main inletvalve and to trap the incoming Water until the movement of said valvesis completed.

19. In a hydraulic motor, a cylinder, a piston, inlet and exhaustvalves, the inlet valve having tubular extensions, plungers, saidplungers engaging said valves and operated by Water pressure at each endof the piston stroke, said plungers acting alternately to seal themotive luid from the ends of the valves, thereby mantaining said valvesin an unbalanced position during their entire movement, and ports toconduct live fluid to the plungers. I

20. In a hydraulic motor, a cylinder, a piston, an inlet valve havingtubular extensions through Which the motive fluid is alternatelyconducted to opposite sides of the piston, exhaust valves mounted onsaid tubular extensions, and means Which enable said valves to beoperated entirely by fluid pressure.

In testimony whereof I ax my Signature, in presence of two Witnesses.

PETER T. COFFIELD.

Witnesses:

MATTHEW SIEBLER, R. J. MCCARTY.

